SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND product_id IN (
    51491, 51492, 51513, 51474, 51515, 51502, 
    51518, 51466, 51512, 51465, 51482, 
    51485, 51511, 51528, 51527, 51505
  )

Query time 0.00040

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "17.06"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 29,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 29,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51491,51492,51513,51474,51515,51502,51518,51466,51512,51465,51482,51485,51511,51528,51527,51505))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "14.16",
        "eval_cost": "2.90",
        "prefix_cost": "17.06",
        "data_read_per_join": "464"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id amount
51465 4
51465 4
51466 4
51466 4
51474 4
51474 4
51482 2
51482 2
51485 1
51485 1
51491 1
51491 1
51492 1
51492 1
51502 3
51502 3
51505 5
51505 5
51511 5
51511 5
51512 5
51512 5
51513 5
51513 5
51515 3
51515 3
51518 7
51518 7
51527 5
51527 5
51528 5
51528 5