SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51514, 51520, 51538, 51468, 51476, 51503, 
    51541, 51492, 51513, 51522, 51539, 
    51491, 51499, 51474, 51515, 51502, 
    51519, 51466, 51518, 51509, 51508, 
    51485, 51550, 51465, 51524, 51528, 
    51504, 51512, 51527, 51511, 51482, 
    51046, 51543, 51505, 51542, 51439, 
    51493, 51546, 51548, 51438, 51544, 
    51535, 51054
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00065

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "30.11"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 43,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 43,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51514,51520,51538,51468,51476,51503,51541,51492,51513,51522,51539,51491,51499,51474,51515,51502,51519,51466,51518,51509,51508,51485,51550,51465,51524,51528,51504,51512,51527,51511,51482,51046,51543,51505,51542,51439,51493,51546,51548,51438,51544,51535,51054)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "25.81",
        "eval_cost": "4.30",
        "prefix_cost": "30.11",
        "data_read_per_join": "688"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}