SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51194, 51193, 51192, 51191, 51190, 51189, 
    19, 51211, 51210, 111, 51212, 144, 51215, 
    51214, 51213, 51444, 51445, 51446, 
    51447, 51272, 51271, 51270, 51269, 
    51268, 51267, 51266, 145, 9, 59, 60, 
    13, 51346, 118, 51347, 85, 61, 15, 95
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00053

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "26.61"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 38,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 38,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51194,51193,51192,51191,51190,51189,19,51211,51210,111,51212,144,51215,51214,51213,51444,51445,51446,51447,51272,51271,51270,51269,51268,51267,51266,145,9,59,60,13,51346,118,51347,85,61,15,95)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "22.81",
        "eval_cost": "3.80",
        "prefix_cost": "26.61",
        "data_read_per_join": "608"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}