SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    130, 51106, 51107, 51112, 51111, 51110, 
    51109, 51108, 51182, 51181, 51180, 
    51179, 51178, 51177, 93, 10, 51232, 
    12, 51238, 51237, 51236, 51235, 51234, 
    51233, 51246, 51245, 51244, 35, 51248, 
    51247, 51256, 51255, 51254, 33, 51257, 
    32, 51258, 51265, 51264, 51263, 51262, 
    51261, 51260, 51259, 110, 51281, 51280, 
    51279, 51278, 51282, 7, 54, 51313, 51312, 
    51314, 51311, 51310
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00067

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "39.91"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 57,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 57,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (130,51106,51107,51112,51111,51110,51109,51108,51182,51181,51180,51179,51178,51177,93,10,51232,12,51238,51237,51236,51235,51234,51233,51246,51245,51244,35,51248,51247,51256,51255,51254,33,51257,32,51258,51265,51264,51263,51262,51261,51260,51259,110,51281,51280,51279,51278,51282,7,54,51313,51312,51314,51311,51310)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "34.21",
        "eval_cost": "5.70",
        "prefix_cost": "39.91",
        "data_read_per_join": "912"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}