SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND product_id IN (
    18516, 51007, 51004, 51010, 51005, 51008, 
    51013, 51012, 51015, 51011, 51006, 
    51021, 51016, 51024, 51017, 51018
  )

Query time 0.00052

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "18.41"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 32,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 32,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount`.`product_id` in (18516,51007,51004,51010,51005,51008,51013,51012,51015,51011,51006,51021,51016,51024,51017,51018))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "15.21",
        "eval_cost": "3.20",
        "prefix_cost": "18.41",
        "data_read_per_join": "512"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}