SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    128, 51118, 51117, 51116, 51115, 51114, 
    51113, 51155, 51154, 51153, 51152, 
    21, 51169, 51168, 51167, 51166, 90, 
    51171, 51170, 51183, 20, 51188, 51187, 
    51186, 51185, 51184, 51243, 51242, 
    51241, 51240, 51239, 36, 51294, 51293, 
    51292, 51291, 51290, 94, 18, 81, 106, 
    58, 86, 15, 95, 31, 51366, 51367, 51368, 
    51369
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00112

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "35.01"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 50,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 50,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (128,51118,51117,51116,51115,51114,51113,51155,51154,51153,51152,21,51169,51168,51167,51166,90,51171,51170,51183,20,51188,51187,51186,51185,51184,51243,51242,51241,51240,51239,36,51294,51293,51292,51291,51290,94,18,81,106,58,86,15,95,31,51366,51367,51368,51369)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "30.01",
        "eval_cost": "5.00",
        "prefix_cost": "35.01",
        "data_read_per_join": "800"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}