SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND product_id IN (
    56, 82, 116, 125, 117, 106, 39, 193, 40, 
    22710, 22711, 17, 57, 122, 58, 5
  )

Query time 0.00042

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "17.96"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 31,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 31,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount`.`product_id` in (56,82,116,125,117,106,39,193,40,22710,22711,17,57,122,58,5))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "14.86",
        "eval_cost": "3.10",
        "prefix_cost": "17.96",
        "data_read_per_join": "496"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id amount
5 13
5 13
17 32
17 32
39 3
39 3
40 3
40 3
56 103
56 103
57 35
57 35
58 35
58 35
106 22
106 22
116 3
116 3
117 13
117 13
122 30
122 30
125 6
125 6
22710 16
22710 16
22711 12
22711 12