SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    22713, 22714, 22712, 22715, 22716, 137, 
    124, 125, 94, 8, 12, 32, 7, 35, 33, 110, 
    34, 147, 36, 109, 146, 111, 144, 145
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00046

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "16.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 24,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 24,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (22713,22714,22712,22715,22716,137,124,125,94,8,12,32,7,35,33,110,34,147,36,109,146,111,144,145)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "14.41",
        "eval_cost": "2.40",
        "prefix_cost": "16.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "384"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}