SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51567, 51480, 51565, 51564, 51479, 139, 
    129, 51566, 51301, 51494, 51, 50, 51497, 
    51498, 51495, 51563, 53, 22713, 21, 
    22714, 22712, 46, 22715, 22716, 51496, 
    21567, 91, 50989, 105, 48, 49, 92
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00047

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "22.41"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 32,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 32,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51567,51480,51565,51564,51479,139,129,51566,51301,51494,51,50,51497,51498,51495,51563,53,22713,21,22714,22712,46,22715,22716,51496,21567,91,50989,105,48,49,92)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "19.21",
        "eval_cost": "3.20",
        "prefix_cost": "22.41",
        "data_read_per_join": "512"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}