SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    128, 51118, 51117, 51116, 51115, 51114, 
    51113, 51124, 49, 51132, 51131, 51134, 
    51133, 51130, 41, 51155, 51154, 51153, 
    51152, 21, 51169, 51168, 51167, 51166, 
    90, 51171, 51170, 51183, 20, 51188, 
    51187, 51186, 51185, 51184, 51243, 
    51242, 51241, 51240, 51239, 36, 51294, 
    51293, 51292, 51291, 51290, 94, 18, 
    81, 51318, 51317, 51316, 51315, 51, 
    51319, 106, 58, 86, 31, 51366, 51367, 
    51368, 51369
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00073

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "43.41"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 62,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 62,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (128,51118,51117,51116,51115,51114,51113,51124,49,51132,51131,51134,51133,51130,41,51155,51154,51153,51152,21,51169,51168,51167,51166,90,51171,51170,51183,20,51188,51187,51186,51185,51184,51243,51242,51241,51240,51239,36,51294,51293,51292,51291,51290,94,18,81,51318,51317,51316,51315,51,51319,106,58,86,31,51366,51367,51368,51369)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "37.21",
        "eval_cost": "6.20",
        "prefix_cost": "43.41",
        "data_read_per_join": "992"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}