SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51211, 51210, 111, 51212, 144, 51215, 
    51214, 51213, 51444, 51445, 51446, 
    51447, 51220, 51219, 51218, 51217, 
    51216, 146, 51448, 51449, 51231, 51230, 
    51229, 51228, 51227, 51226, 51225, 
    109, 51243, 51242, 51241, 51240, 51239, 
    36, 51253, 51252, 51251, 51250, 51249, 
    34, 51272, 51271, 51270, 51269, 51268, 
    51267, 51266, 145, 51273, 147, 51277, 
    51276, 51275, 51274
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00057

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "37.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 54,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 54,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51211,51210,111,51212,144,51215,51214,51213,51444,51445,51446,51447,51220,51219,51218,51217,51216,146,51448,51449,51231,51230,51229,51228,51227,51226,51225,109,51243,51242,51241,51240,51239,36,51253,51252,51251,51250,51249,34,51272,51271,51270,51269,51268,51267,51266,145,51273,147,51277,51276,51275,51274)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "32.41",
        "eval_cost": "5.40",
        "prefix_cost": "37.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "864"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}