SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    27, 121, 23, 141, 4, 142, 120, 62, 108, 
    107, 94, 8, 86, 54, 10, 93, 12, 32, 7, 130, 
    35, 16, 33, 110, 34, 89, 114, 147, 36, 
    128, 20, 52, 84, 109, 118, 131, 13, 19, 
    61, 146, 95, 15, 9, 85, 111, 59, 144, 123, 
    60, 113, 145, 6, 14, 63, 136, 50984, 127, 
    134, 42, 50985, 50986, 50988, 50993, 
    50992
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00055

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "44.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 64,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 64,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (27,121,23,141,4,142,120,62,108,107,94,8,86,54,10,93,12,32,7,130,35,16,33,110,34,89,114,147,36,128,20,52,84,109,118,131,13,19,61,146,95,15,9,85,111,59,144,123,60,113,145,6,14,63,136,50984,127,134,42,50985,50986,50988,50993,50992)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "38.41",
        "eval_cost": "6.40",
        "prefix_cost": "44.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "1024"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}