SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    130, 51106, 51107, 51112, 51111, 51110, 
    51109, 51108, 128, 51118, 51117, 51116, 
    51115, 51114, 51113, 51165, 51164, 
    51163, 51162, 51161, 52, 51183, 20, 
    51188, 51187, 51186, 51185, 51184, 
    51232, 12, 51238, 51237, 51236, 51235, 
    51234, 51233, 51243, 51242, 51241, 
    51240, 51239, 36, 51246, 51245, 51244, 
    35, 51248, 51247, 51253, 51252, 51251, 
    51250, 51249, 34, 51256, 51255, 51254, 
    33, 51257, 32, 51258, 51265, 51264, 
    51263, 51262, 51261, 51260, 51259, 
    110, 51273, 147, 51277, 51276, 51275, 
    51274, 51281, 51280, 51279, 51278, 
    51282, 7, 16, 114, 89, 51390, 51391, 
    51392, 51393, 51394
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00183

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "62.31"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 89,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 89,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (130,51106,51107,51112,51111,51110,51109,51108,128,51118,51117,51116,51115,51114,51113,51165,51164,51163,51162,51161,52,51183,20,51188,51187,51186,51185,51184,51232,12,51238,51237,51236,51235,51234,51233,51243,51242,51241,51240,51239,36,51246,51245,51244,35,51248,51247,51253,51252,51251,51250,51249,34,51256,51255,51254,33,51257,32,51258,51265,51264,51263,51262,51261,51260,51259,110,51273,147,51277,51276,51275,51274,51281,51280,51279,51278,51282,7,16,114,89,51390,51391,51392,51393,51394)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "53.41",
        "eval_cost": "8.90",
        "prefix_cost": "62.31",
        "data_read_per_join": "1K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}