SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    51076, 51073, 51072, 51074, 51075, 22711, 
    22710, 51077, 51080, 51078, 51079, 
    51139, 51138, 51137, 51136, 51135, 
    40, 51144, 51143, 51142, 51141, 51140, 
    39, 51205, 51204, 51203, 51202, 125, 
    27, 22, 17, 18, 106, 58, 57, 5, 51349, 
    122, 65
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00157

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "111.36"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 127,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 127,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (51076,51073,51072,51074,51075,22711,22710,51077,51080,51078,51079,51139,51138,51137,51136,51135,40,51144,51143,51142,51141,51140,39,51205,51204,51203,51202,125,27,22,17,18,106,58,57,5,51349,122,65))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "54.21",
              "eval_cost": "12.70",
              "prefix_cost": "66.91",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "test_uchur_k.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "31.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.64",
              "prefix_cost": "111.36",
              "data_read_per_join": "33K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}