SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.meta_keywords, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.meta_description, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.search_words, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.promo_text 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    51272, 51271, 51270, 51269, 51268, 51267, 
    51266, 145, 14, 113, 6, 51354, 51353, 
    43, 51356, 51355, 44
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00057

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "11.91"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "lang_code"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 17,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 17,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_descriptions`.`product_id` in (51272,51271,51270,51269,51268,51267,51266,145,14,113,6,51354,51353,43,51356,51355,44)) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_descriptions`.`lang_code` = 'ru'))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "10.21",
        "eval_cost": "1.70",
        "prefix_cost": "11.91",
        "data_read_per_join": "77K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "lang_code",
        "meta_keywords",
        "meta_description",
        "search_words",
        "promo_text"
      ]
    }
  }
}