SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51083, 51084, 22715, 51082, 51085, 51081, 
    51088, 51087, 22713, 51086, 51089, 
    51090, 51094, 51092, 51093, 22714, 
    51091, 51095, 51096, 51097, 51098, 
    51100, 51099, 22716, 51104, 51103, 
    22712, 51105, 51102, 51101, 51205, 
    51204, 51203, 51202, 125, 51209, 51208, 
    51207, 51206, 124, 51221, 137, 51224, 
    51223, 51222, 51232, 12, 51238, 51237, 
    51236, 51235, 51234, 51233, 51246, 
    51245, 51244, 35, 51248, 51247, 51256, 
    51255, 51254, 33, 51257, 32, 51258, 
    51265, 51264, 51263, 51262, 51261, 
    51260, 51259, 110, 51281, 51280, 51279, 
    51278, 51282, 7, 51289, 51288, 51287, 
    51286, 51285, 51284, 51283, 8, 51294, 
    51293, 51292, 51291, 51290, 94
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00084

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "65.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 94,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 94,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51083,51084,22715,51082,51085,51081,51088,51087,22713,51086,51089,51090,51094,51092,51093,22714,51091,51095,51096,51097,51098,51100,51099,22716,51104,51103,22712,51105,51102,51101,51205,51204,51203,51202,125,51209,51208,51207,51206,124,51221,137,51224,51223,51222,51232,12,51238,51237,51236,51235,51234,51233,51246,51245,51244,35,51248,51247,51256,51255,51254,33,51257,32,51258,51265,51264,51263,51262,51261,51260,51259,110,51281,51280,51279,51278,51282,7,51289,51288,51287,51286,51285,51284,51283,8,51294,51293,51292,51291,51290,94)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "56.41",
        "eval_cost": "9.40",
        "prefix_cost": "65.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "1K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}