SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51007, 51004, 51005, 51010, 51008, 51013, 
    51012, 51011, 51015, 51021, 51006, 
    51016, 51024, 51017, 51019, 51018, 
    51022, 51014, 51045, 51025, 51029, 
    51060, 51063, 51020, 51027, 51067, 
    51028, 51031, 51062, 51042, 51030, 
    51032
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00049

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "22.41"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 32,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 32,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51007,51004,51005,51010,51008,51013,51012,51011,51015,51021,51006,51016,51024,51017,51019,51018,51022,51014,51045,51025,51029,51060,51063,51020,51027,51067,51028,51031,51062,51042,51030,51032)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "19.21",
        "eval_cost": "3.20",
        "prefix_cost": "22.41",
        "data_read_per_join": "512"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}