SELECT 
  variant_id, 
  yml2_unit 
FROM 
  cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions 
WHERE 
  variant_id IN (
    '523', '182', '1753', '1769', '1773', 
    '1783', '1778', '1763', '1767', '1798', 
    '1751', '1757', '1761', '1758', '1790', 
    '122', '440', '127', '439', '438', 
    '149', '120', '146', '59', '50', '58', 
    '147', '280', '1756', '376', '154', 
    '165'
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00048

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "22.41"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "variant_id",
        "lang_code"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 32,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 32,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions`.`variant_id` in ('523','182','1753','1769','1773','1783','1778','1763','1767','1798','1751','1757','1761','1758','1790','122','440','127','439','438','149','120','146','59','50','58','147','280','1756','376','154','165')) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions`.`lang_code` = 'ru'))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "19.21",
        "eval_cost": "3.20",
        "prefix_cost": "22.41",
        "data_read_per_join": "99K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "variant_id",
        "lang_code",
        "yml2_unit"
      ]
    }
  }
}