SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND product_id IN (
    51505, 51493, 51511, 51046, 51439, 51544, 
    51054, 51535, 51546, 51548, 51438
  )

Query time 0.00034

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "13.56"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 24,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 24,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51505,51493,51511,51046,51439,51544,51054,51535,51546,51548,51438))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "11.16",
        "eval_cost": "2.40",
        "prefix_cost": "13.56",
        "data_read_per_join": "384"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}