SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51232, 12, 51238, 51237, 51236, 51235, 
    51234, 51233, 51289, 51288, 51287, 
    51286, 51285, 51284, 51283, 8, 56, 81, 
    11, 4, 51361, 30, 51362, 51363, 51364, 
    51365, 31, 51366, 51367, 51368, 51369, 
    46, 51370, 51371, 51372, 51373, 51452, 
    51453
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00087

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "26.61"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 38,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 38,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51232,12,51238,51237,51236,51235,51234,51233,51289,51288,51287,51286,51285,51284,51283,8,56,81,11,4,51361,30,51362,51363,51364,51365,31,51366,51367,51368,51369,46,51370,51371,51372,51373,51452,51453)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "22.81",
        "eval_cost": "3.80",
        "prefix_cost": "26.61",
        "data_read_per_join": "608"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}