SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51194, 51193, 51192, 51191, 51190, 51189, 
    19, 51201, 51200, 51199, 51198, 51197, 
    51196, 51195, 131, 51211, 51210, 111, 
    51212, 144, 51215, 51214, 51213, 51444, 
    51445, 51446, 51447, 51220, 51219, 
    51218, 51217, 51216, 146, 51448, 51449, 
    51231, 51230, 51229, 51228, 51227, 
    51226, 51225, 109, 9, 59, 60, 13, 51346, 
    118, 84, 51347, 85, 61, 15, 95
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00064

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "38.51"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 55,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 55,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51194,51193,51192,51191,51190,51189,19,51201,51200,51199,51198,51197,51196,51195,131,51211,51210,111,51212,144,51215,51214,51213,51444,51445,51446,51447,51220,51219,51218,51217,51216,146,51448,51449,51231,51230,51229,51228,51227,51226,51225,109,9,59,60,13,51346,118,84,51347,85,61,15,95)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "33.01",
        "eval_cost": "5.50",
        "prefix_cost": "38.51",
        "data_read_per_join": "880"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}