SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    18516, 51007, 51004, 51005, 51010, 51008, 
    51012, 51013, 51011, 51015, 51006, 
    51021, 51016, 51024, 51017, 51019, 
    51018, 51022, 51014, 51045, 51422, 
    51025, 51440, 51029, 51424, 51429, 
    51442, 51060, 51436, 51430, 51433, 
    51027, 51063, 51020, 51067, 51423, 
    51431, 51435, 51028, 51031, 51062, 
    51042, 51441, 51432, 51434, 51030, 
    51032, 51033, 51425, 51026, 51035, 
    51059, 51069, 51070, 51038, 51066, 
    51023, 51041, 51056, 51040, 51050, 
    51065, 51039, 51052, 51009, 51034, 
    51061, 51426, 51036, 51037, 51068, 
    51064, 51055, 51058, 51071
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00100

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "52.51"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 75,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 14,
        "filtered": "19.96",
        "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (18516,51007,51004,51005,51010,51008,51012,51013,51011,51015,51006,51021,51016,51024,51017,51019,51018,51022,51014,51045,51422,51025,51440,51029,51424,51429,51442,51060,51436,51430,51433,51027,51063,51020,51067,51423,51431,51435,51028,51031,51062,51042,51441,51432,51434,51030,51032,51033,51425,51026,51035,51059,51069,51070,51038,51066,51023,51041,51056,51040,51050,51065,51039,51052,51009,51034,51061,51426,51036,51037,51068,51064,51055,51058,51071))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "51.01",
          "eval_cost": "1.50",
          "prefix_cost": "52.51",
          "data_read_per_join": "359"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}