SELECT 
  product_id, 
  group_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_products 
WHERE 
  group_id IN (
    194, 139, 132, 235, 134, 142, 188, 205, 
    207, 181, 167, 210, 157, 130, 145, 228, 
    227, 232
  )

Query time 0.00042

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "31.51"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_variation_group_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "idx_group_id"
      ],
      "key": "idx_group_id",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "group_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 60,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 60,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_variation_group_products`.`group_id` in (194,139,132,235,134,142,188,205,207,181,167,210,157,130,145,228,227,232))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "25.51",
        "eval_cost": "6.00",
        "prefix_cost": "31.51",
        "data_read_per_join": "960"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "group_id"
      ]
    }
  }
}