SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51272, 51271, 51270, 51269, 51268, 51267, 
    51266, 145, 60, 14, 127, 51325, 63, 50984, 
    51450, 51451, 51329, 51328, 51327, 
    50985, 51331, 51330, 50986, 51332, 
    51339, 51338, 51337, 51336, 50988, 
    113, 6, 136, 50992, 51374, 51375, 42, 
    51376, 51377, 51378, 51379, 51380, 
    50993, 51381, 51382, 134
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00051

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "31.51"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 45,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 45,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51272,51271,51270,51269,51268,51267,51266,145,60,14,127,51325,63,50984,51450,51451,51329,51328,51327,50985,51331,51330,50986,51332,51339,51338,51337,51336,50988,113,6,136,50992,51374,51375,42,51376,51377,51378,51379,51380,50993,51381,51382,134)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "27.01",
        "eval_cost": "4.50",
        "prefix_cost": "31.51",
        "data_read_per_join": "720"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}