SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51076, 51073, 51072, 51074, 51075, 22711, 
    22710, 51077, 51080, 51078, 51079, 
    51357, 79, 51360, 51359, 51358, 51361, 
    30, 51362, 51363, 51364, 51365, 31, 
    51366, 51367, 51368, 51369, 46, 51370, 
    51371, 51372, 51373, 51452, 51453, 
    42, 51376, 51377, 51378, 51379, 51380
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00057

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "28.01"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 40,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 40,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51076,51073,51072,51074,51075,22711,22710,51077,51080,51078,51079,51357,79,51360,51359,51358,51361,30,51362,51363,51364,51365,31,51366,51367,51368,51369,46,51370,51371,51372,51373,51452,51453,42,51376,51377,51378,51379,51380)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "24.01",
        "eval_cost": "4.00",
        "prefix_cost": "28.01",
        "data_read_per_join": "640"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}