SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND product_id IN (
    82, 17, 56, 126, 51295, 117, 116, 115, 
    81, 11, 51326, 135, 106, 105, 57, 51496, 
    51497, 51498
  )

Query time 0.00059

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "21.16"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 37,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 37,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount`.`product_id` in (82,17,56,126,51295,117,116,115,81,11,51326,135,106,105,57,51496,51497,51498))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "17.46",
        "eval_cost": "3.70",
        "prefix_cost": "21.16",
        "data_read_per_join": "592"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id amount
11 100
11 100
17 32
17 32
56 103
56 103
57 35
57 35
81 31
81 31
105 25
105 25
106 22
106 22
115 7
115 7
116 3
116 3
117 13
117 13
126 108
126 108
135 6
135 6
51295 13
51295 13
51326 6
51326 6
51496 30
51496 30
51497 30
51497 30
51498 30
51498 30