Sandbox

SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    105, 106, 17, 57, 122, 58, 5, 22, 18, 27, 
    121, 119, 141, 23, 4, 142, 120, 62, 10, 
    16, 114, 118, 13, 61, 15, 9, 59, 123, 60, 
    113, 6, 14
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00038

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "22.41"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 32,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 32,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (105,106,17,57,122,58,5,22,18,27,121,119,141,23,4,142,120,62,10,16,114,118,13,61,15,9,59,123,60,113,6,14)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "19.21",
        "eval_cost": "3.20",
        "prefix_cost": "22.41",
        "data_read_per_join": "512"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id	amount
4	15
5	13
6	29
9	36
10	38
13	20
14	29
15	31
16	23
17	32
18	34
22	8
23	19
27	4
57	35
58	35
59	14
60	29
61	12
62	20
105	25
106	22
113	37
114	25
118	20
119	27
120	25
121	22
122	30
123	21
141	11
142	12

product_id	amount
4	15
5	13
6	29
9	36
10	38
13	20
14	29
15	31
16	23
17	32
18	34
22	8
23	19
27	4
57	35
58	35
59	14
60	29
61	12
62	20
105	25
106	22
113	37
114	25
118	20
119	27
120	25
121	22
122	30
123	21
141	11
142	12

product_id	amount
4	15
5	13
6	29
9	36
10	38
13	20
14	29
15	31
16	23
17	32
18	34
22	8
23	19
27	4
57	35
58	35
59	14
60	29
61	12
62	20
105	25
106	22
113	37
114	25
118	20
119	27
120	25
121	22
122	30
123	21
141	11
142	12

product_id	amount
4	15
5	13
6	29
9	36
10	38
13	20
14	29
15	31
16	23
17	32
18	34
22	8
23	19
27	4
57	35
58	35
59	14
60	29
61	12
62	20
105	25
106	22
113	37
114	25
118	20
119	27
120	25
121	22
122	30
123	21
141	11
142	12