SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND product_id IN (
    46, 51370, 51371, 51372, 51373, 51452, 
    51453
  )

Query time 0.00042

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "8.51"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 15,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 15,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount`.`product_id` in (46,51370,51371,51372,51373,51452,51453))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "7.01",
        "eval_cost": "1.50",
        "prefix_cost": "8.51",
        "data_read_per_join": "240"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id amount
46 16
46 16
51370 18
51370 18
51371 25
51371 25
51372 15
51372 15
51373 13
51373 13
51452 8
51452 8
51453 10
51453 10