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SELECT 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_ult_product_prices.price * cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_ult_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id IN (
    18516, 51007, 51004, 51005, 51010, 51008, 
    51012, 51013, 51011, 51015, 51006, 
    51021, 51016, 51024, 51017, 51019, 
    51018, 51022, 51014, 51045, 51422, 
    51025, 51440, 51424, 51029, 51442, 
    51429, 51060, 51436, 51430, 51433, 
    51027
  ) 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.company_id = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00027

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "message": "no matching row in const table"
  }
}