SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51297, 51296, 139, 51300, 51299, 51298, 
    51304, 51303, 51302, 51301, 138, 51443, 
    51309, 51308, 51307, 51306, 51305, 
    129, 51318, 51317, 51316, 51315, 51, 
    51319, 51323, 51322, 51321, 51320, 
    50, 51324, 51564, 51568, 51569, 51570, 
    51571, 51572, 51573, 51565, 51574, 
    51575, 51576, 51577, 51566, 51578, 
    51579, 51580, 51581, 51567, 51582, 
    51583, 51584, 51585, 51586
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00059

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "37.11"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 53,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 53,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51297,51296,139,51300,51299,51298,51304,51303,51302,51301,138,51443,51309,51308,51307,51306,51305,129,51318,51317,51316,51315,51,51319,51323,51322,51321,51320,50,51324,51564,51568,51569,51570,51571,51572,51573,51565,51574,51575,51576,51577,51566,51578,51579,51580,51581,51567,51582,51583,51584,51585,51586)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "31.81",
        "eval_cost": "5.30",
        "prefix_cost": "37.11",
        "data_read_per_join": "848"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}