SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND product_id IN (
    80, 96, 44, 43, 51559, 51002, 51561, 50998, 
    51003, 51000, 51001, 51562, 50999
  )

Query time 0.00082

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "14.06"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 24,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 24,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount`.`product_id` in (80,96,44,43,51559,51002,51561,50998,51003,51000,51001,51562,50999))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "11.66",
        "eval_cost": "2.40",
        "prefix_cost": "14.06",
        "data_read_per_join": "384"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}