SELECT 
  category_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  id_path LIKE '54/%'

Query time 0.00084

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "33.11"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "id_path"
      ],
      "key": "id_path",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "id_path"
      ],
      "key_length": "767",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 73,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 73,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_categories`.`id_path` like '54/%')",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "25.81",
        "eval_cost": "7.30",
        "prefix_cost": "33.11",
        "data_read_per_join": "386K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "id_path"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

category_id
103
104
287
105
106
135
141
142
143
180
210
245
374
147
148
151
155
156
157
219
385
169
179
181
200
221
222
236
241
242
286
247
268
269
289
298
305
307
320
321
347
323
332
381
386
55
56
346
57
58
59
62
101
102
375
388
130
136
137
138
149
160
161
162
177
230
240
252
336
360
265
324
266
294
316
341
353
63
64
71
96
122
187
291
97
68
114
139
140
178
283
284
293
69
72
73
74
75
131
228
239
253
264
292
304
331
76
98