SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51182, 51181, 51180, 51179, 51178, 51177, 
    93, 10, 51289, 51288, 51287, 51286, 
    51285, 51284, 51283, 8, 51294, 51293, 
    51292, 51291, 51290, 94, 142, 62, 141, 
    23, 54, 51313, 51312, 51314, 51311, 
    51310, 86, 51344, 120, 51345, 119, 108, 
    4, 107, 51348, 121
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00052

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "29.41"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 42,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 42,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51182,51181,51180,51179,51178,51177,93,10,51289,51288,51287,51286,51285,51284,51283,8,51294,51293,51292,51291,51290,94,142,62,141,23,54,51313,51312,51314,51311,51310,86,51344,120,51345,119,108,4,107,51348,121)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "25.21",
        "eval_cost": "4.20",
        "prefix_cost": "29.41",
        "data_read_per_join": "672"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}