SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    65, 50992, 51374, 51375, 50993, 51381, 
    51382, 50994, 51383, 51384, 140, 51385, 
    51386, 51387, 51388, 51389, 89, 51390, 
    51391, 51392, 51393, 51394
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00034

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "15.41"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 22,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 22,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (65,50992,51374,51375,50993,51381,51382,50994,51383,51384,140,51385,51386,51387,51388,51389,89,51390,51391,51392,51393,51394)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "13.21",
        "eval_cost": "2.20",
        "prefix_cost": "15.41",
        "data_read_per_join": "352"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}