SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    51063, 51020, 51067, 51423, 51431, 51435, 
    51028, 51031, 51042, 51441, 51033, 
    51062, 51432, 51434, 51030, 51032, 
    51425, 51026, 51035, 51059, 51069, 
    51070, 51038, 51066, 51023, 51041, 
    51056, 51040, 51050, 51065, 51039, 
    51052
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00059

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "22.41"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 32,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
        "filtered": "19.96",
        "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (51063,51020,51067,51423,51431,51435,51028,51031,51042,51441,51033,51062,51432,51434,51030,51032,51425,51026,51035,51059,51069,51070,51038,51066,51023,51041,51056,51040,51050,51065,51039,51052))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "21.77",
          "eval_cost": "0.64",
          "prefix_cost": "22.41",
          "data_read_per_join": "153"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}