SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    51063, 51020, 51067, 51423, 51431, 51435, 
    51028, 51031, 51042, 51441, 51033, 
    51062, 51432, 51434, 51030, 51032, 
    51425, 51026, 51035, 51059, 51069, 
    51070, 51038, 51066, 51023, 51041, 
    51056, 51040, 51050, 51065, 51039, 
    51052
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00045

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "22.41"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 32,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 32,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51063,51020,51067,51423,51431,51435,51028,51031,51042,51441,51033,51062,51432,51434,51030,51032,51425,51026,51035,51059,51069,51070,51038,51066,51023,51041,51056,51040,51050,51065,51039,51052)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "19.21",
        "eval_cost": "3.20",
        "prefix_cost": "22.41",
        "data_read_per_join": "512"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}