SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND product_id IN (
    51272, 51271, 51270, 51269, 51268, 51267, 
    51266, 145
  )

Query time 0.00031

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "8.31"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 14,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 14,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_sum_products_amount`.`product_id` in (51272,51271,51270,51269,51268,51267,51266,145))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "6.91",
        "eval_cost": "1.40",
        "prefix_cost": "8.31",
        "data_read_per_join": "224"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}