SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    82, 51132, 51131, 51134, 51133, 51130, 
    41, 51146, 51145, 38, 51148, 51147, 
    51151, 51150, 51149, 37, 51169, 51168, 
    51167, 51166, 90, 51171, 51170, 51209, 
    51208, 51207, 51206, 124, 56, 51295, 
    117, 116, 115, 81, 11, 51326, 135, 51357, 
    79, 51360, 51359, 51358, 51361, 30, 
    51362, 51363, 51364, 51365, 140, 51385, 
    51386, 51387, 51388, 51389
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 116 
  AND storefront_id = 1

Query time 0.00054

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "37.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 54,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 54,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 1) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 116) and (`test_uchur_k`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (82,51132,51131,51134,51133,51130,41,51146,51145,38,51148,51147,51151,51150,51149,37,51169,51168,51167,51166,90,51171,51170,51209,51208,51207,51206,124,56,51295,117,116,115,81,11,51326,135,51357,79,51360,51359,51358,51361,30,51362,51363,51364,51365,140,51385,51386,51387,51388,51389)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "32.41",
        "eval_cost": "5.40",
        "prefix_cost": "37.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "864"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}